The results not only have implications for our understanding of heart-brain interactions in healthy persons, but also in patients. In other words, a large heartbeat-evoked potential seems to reflect a “state of mind”, in which we are more focused on the functioning of our inner organs such as the blood circulation, however less aware of stimuli from the outside world. “This seems to be a result of directing our attention between external environmental signals and internal bodily signals.”, explains study author Al.
However, when it comes to weak stimuli which coincide with systole we might miss them, although they are real.ĭuring their investigations on heart-brain interactions, Al and colleagues also revealed a second effect of heartbeat on perception: If a person’s brain shows a higher response to the heartbeat, the processing of the stimulus in the brain is attenuated – the person detects the stimulus less. Normally, this helps us to not be constantly disturbed by our pulse. The brain seems to take into account the pulse which floods the body in systole and predicts that pulse-associated bodily changes are “not real” but rather due to the pulse. In other words, it seems that – in systole – the brain makes sure that certain information is kept out of conscious experience. In systole a specific component of brain activity, which is associated with consciousness, the so called P300-component is suppressed. Now, in a new study, Esra Al and colleagues have found the reason for this change in perception: Brain activity is changing over the heart cycle. In systole, we are less likely to detect a weak electric stimulus in the finger compared to diastole. In a previous publication from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, it was reported that perception of external stimuli changes with the heartbeat. In a second phase, the diastolic phase, the blood flows back and the heart fills up again. In a regular rhythm, the heart contracts in the so-called systolic phase and pumps blood into the body. The first mechanism establishes a relationship between the phase of the heartbeat and conscious experience.
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